We and others have reported the striking antibody evasion of BA.1 and BA.2, but side-by-side comparison of susceptibility of all the major Omicron sub-lineages to vaccine-elicited or monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated neutralization are urgently needed. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has been partitioned into four sub-lineages designated BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 and BA.3, with BA.2 becoming dominant worldwide recently by outcompeting BA.1 and BA.1.1. Conclusion: Our results suggested that one-week self-guided internet CBTI prevented the development of chronic insomnia from situational insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no significant group x time effects between the two groups in the PSAS-total score, PSAS-somatic, PSAS-cognitive score, HADS total score, HADS anxiety score or HADS depression score. The ISI total scores decreased in both groups during follow-up compared to their baseline values, with a greater magnitude of decrease in the complete treatment group. There were significant differences in group effect (p = 0.032), time effect (p = 0.000) and group × time effect (p = 0.048) between the two groups in the ISI total score.
Results: The transition rate from situational insomnia to chronic insomnia was significantly lower in the complete treatment group compared to the incomplete treatment group (27.5%, 14/51 vs. follow-up), and interaction (group x time) on various questionnaire score. Linear mixed effect model was used to investigate the effect of group (between the two groups), time (baseline vs. The transition rate from situational insomnia to chronic insomnia (duration of insomnia ≥ 3 months and ISI ≥ 8) was calculated in the two groups. At 3 months follow-up, a total of 117 participants (complete treatment group: n = 51 incomplete treatment group: n = 66) completed the assessments of the ISI, PSAS and HADS. A total of 135 participants completed the post-intervention assessments. The participants were divided into the complete treatment group (the participants completed all seven modules of the CBTI course, n = 75), and the incomplete treatment group (the participants completed 0-6 modules of the CBTI course, n = 119). The insomnia severity index (ISI), pre-sleep arousal scale (PSAS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were evaluated at baseline and a one-week internet CBTI program was delivered to all individuals. Patients and Methods: The participants with situational insomnia (n = 194) were recruited from March 2020 to April 2020 in Guangzhou, China. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of one-week self-guided internet cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia (CBTI) on situational insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collectively, our results suggest the Omicron sub-lineages threaten the neutralization efficacy of current vaccines and antibody therapeutics, highlighting the importance of vaccine boosters. Most mAbs lost neutralizing activity, while some demonstrate distinct neutralization patterns among Omicron sub-lineages, reflecting antigenic differences. We also present neutralization profiles against a 20 mAb panel, including 10 authorized or approved, against the Omicron sub-lineages, along with mAb mapping against single or combinatorial spike mutations. Using VSV-based pseudovirus, we report that sera from individuals vaccinated by two doses of an inactivated whole-virion vaccine shows weak to no neutralization activity, while homologous or heterologous boosters markedly improve neutralization titers against all Omicron sub-lineages. We and others have reported antibody evasion of BA.1 and BA.2, but side-by-side comparisons of Omicron sub-lineages to vaccine-elicited or monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated neutralization are necessary. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has evolved into four sub-lineages-BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3-with BA.2 becoming dominant worldwide.
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